General average is an unwritten, non-statutory, international maritime law which is universally recognized and applied. It is founded on the principle that vessel and goods are parties to the same venture and share exposure to the same perils, which may require sacrifice or the incurring of extraordinary expense on the part of one for the benefit of the whole venture.
General average bond
Document required of cargo owners after a 'General Average' loss, obtaining their agreement to pay any contribution that may become due.
General average guarantee
Given by cargo underwriters, after a 'General Average' loss, agreeing to meet their Assured's liability for contribution.
General order warehouse
貯存一般到達保稅倉五天內仍未被提取貨物的倉庫, 而所產生的一切費用由貨主承擔
Genset (generator set)
A portable power generator, which converts fuel into electrical power by mechanical means, and from which a reefer draws power. A clip-on generator set is mounted to the front of the refrigeration unit. An underslung generator set is mounted to the chassis upon which the reefer is mounted for handling and transport. The underslung generator set can be either side-mounted or center-mounted on the chassis.
Godown
倉庫
Gooseneck
The front rails of the chassis that raise above the plane of the chassis and engage in the tunnel of a container.
Incoterms are a set of uniform rules codifying the interpretation of trade terms defining the rights and obligation of both buyer and seller in an international transaction, thereby enabling anotherwise complex basis for a sale contract to be accomplished in three letters. Incoterms are drafted by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).
Inherent vice
貨物在沒有意外發生或疏忽情況下損壞
Inland clearance depot
一個附有清關設施的散貨倉庫
INS
保險
Insulated container
內籠附絕緣設施以減少受到外在溫度而影響貨物的貨櫃
Insulated tank container
框架被架著一個或多個與熱能絕緣的液體缸的貨櫃
Interchange
貨櫃由一點轉送到另一點的安排
Interchange points
貨物由一運輸線轉到另一運輸線的操作點
Intercoastal
兩岸之間的水路運輸, 通常指在大西洋和太平洋海岸之間
Intermodal
貨物或貨櫃在貨車、鐵路或水路運輸的操作
Intermodal transport
多聯式付運. 一種由不同運輸工具共同付運操作之模式
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
ISO 是全球標準團體,由全世界大約有130 個國家聯盟. 這是由一九四七年成立, 由非政府組織建立促進發展國際貿易標準. ISO 及後被出版作為國際標準的國際協議
付運模式的一種. 貨櫃由外國經水路到達, 再通過火車或貨車安排之陸路運送到內陸目的地, 亦稱I.P.I. 或Through Service
Mileage
距離(英哩)
Mini landbridge (MLB)
付運模式的一種. 貨櫃由外國經水路到達, 再通過火車安排之陸路運送到內陸目的地
Mini-bridge
貨物往來內陸目的地而通過兩個美國港口及海外港口的運輸線
Minimum charge
最低費用
MMO
多模式操作員
MT
可作多種解釋, 如:公噸, 立方米, 空的貨櫃或多種模式運輸
N/B
標記
N.O.S.
沒有, 另外注明
Negotiable B/L
由托運人背書的正本提單, 用以與銀行收取提單上注明貨物之款項
Negotiating bank
信用狀指定的銀行, 其責任審查由發怖信用狀銀行指定的文件內容是否與條款相符
Net tonnage
在船隻上的淨載貨及載客量
Net weight
未作任何包裝貨物的淨重量
Non-negotiable B/L
不能與銀行作收款安排之提貨單副本
NVOCC
無船承運者. 操作在非其下船隻之貨物及發出提貨單
Notify party
提單上的被通知者
NYPE
租船契約,主要聘用合同形式的貨船
O/H
超高. 貨物的尺寸超過貨櫃的高度
O/R
擁有人的風險
O/W
超闊, 貨物的尺寸超過貨櫃的闊度
O.C.P. rate
Overland Common Point rates which are generally lower than local tariff rates, were established by the U.S. West Coast steamship companies in conjunction with railroads serving the western U.S. so that cargo originating or destined to the American Midwest and East would be competitive with all-water rates via the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf ports. O.C.P. rates are also applicable to eastern Canada.
Ocean bill of lading
由船東簽發的海洋提單, 作為貨物收據並且承擔船東對收貨人交付提貨單中所述的貨物
Ocean route
水路運輸航線
On board
利用聯合的運輸方式將貨物裝載在運輸工具上
On board B/L
船東確認貨物裝載在已開航中的貨輪上
On deck
特別裝載指示, 貨物必須是裝載在貨船甲板上而不是在船艙或甲板下
One-way lease
合約只適用於出口之航次, 其後貨箱須交回在目的地或目的地附近之租箱公司
OOG
在標準規格以外, 貨物之體積超出其貨櫃之容量
Open top container
貨櫃符合一個堅實可移動的頂部. 用以將貨物從貨櫃頂部裝載或卸載
ORC
起運港收貨費. 由船東對在廣東及褔建省出口貨櫃徵收之附加費
Outbound
外向運輸, 貨船或貨物從起運港, 起運點或收貨地向外地口岸航行
Outsider
個體船東. 意指沒有參加聯盟的船公司
Over height cargo
超高貨物. 貨物被裝載在一個無頂貨櫃
P/A
Particular average.
P/I club
保護和賠償協會
P.A.
每年
Pallet
卡板, 在前及後方有二行空隙以便被鏟車的前臂放進, 而可在同一時間移動一件或多過一件之貨物
Per diem
由一運輸單位訂立供其它運輸單位使用其設備或設施的收費. 費用按每天計算
Perils of the sea
在海上因自然力量引起的危險, 如波濤洶湧, 暴風等
Perishable cargo
容易腐爛或變壞的貨物
Pier
貨輪裝貨或卸貨的地點
Pier-to-House (P/H)
請參考CY/CFS
Pier-to-Pier (P/P)
請參考CY/CY
Piggyback
The point-to-point movement of one transportation vehicle upon another. A highway semi-trailer on a railroad flat car or trailer ferry, a van-container on board a ship, or new passenger automobiles on auto-rack cars are all forms of piggyback transportation.
Air warmed by the container cargo delivered to the evaporator. The temperature of return air often controls the operation of the refrigeration unit.
RO/RO
Roll-on/Roll-off. A feature designed in a specially constructed vessel in both the loading and discharging ports.
Route
航線
S.S.
蒸氣推動船
Salvage
從一艘發生意外的船隻上尋獲的物產
Salvage clause
海運保險條款的一種, 列明保險商須承擔援救費的比例
Salvage lien
A maritime lien which exists when a ship or goods comes into the possession of one who preserves them from peril at sea. All salvage services carry with them a maritime lien on the things saved.
Salvage loss
A loss which it is presumed would, but for certain services rendered, have become a total loss. The charges incurred are "salvage charges". The property saved is the "salvage". When referring to goods a salvage loss is one resulting from shipwreck or from a situation where, by the peril of the sea, the vessel is prevented from proceeding on her voyage and the cargo, or the part that is saved is obliged to be sold at a place short of the port of destination. The term is used in marine insurance when at a point short of destination, it can be shown that it would cost more to forward damaged goods to their destination than the goods would realize on the spot. The underwriters usually pay the difference between the total insured value and the net proceeds of the goods, such a settlement being known as a "salvage loss".
A custom house form filled by the shipper of goods to other countries. Also called shipper's manifest. It mentions the marks, numbers, quantity, description and value of the goods at time and place of export. There is a different definition in USA as "The shipper's export declaration (SEDs) forms 7525-V and 7525-V-Alternate (Intermodal) and the shipper's export declaration for In-Transit Goods, Form 7513, are JOINT-BUREAU OF THE CENSUS- INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION DOCUMENTS used for compiling the official U.S. export statistics and administering the requirements of the Export Administrative Act.
Standard International Trade Classification (SITC)
一個標準數字代碼由聯合國被使用為在國際貿易來分類商品
Starboard
船頭的右舷
STC
一項標準條款, 用作保護船東已證明貨物由托運人或其代理安排貨物包裝
Stern
船的末端
Stevedore
碼頭操作員
Store-Door delivery (STOR/DOR)
Delivery of goods to consignee's place of business or warehouse by motor vehicle. Refers to a complete package of delivery services performed by a carrier from origin to final consumption point, whether that be a retail, wholesale or other final distribution facility. Abbreviated in CCMS as SDD.
